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- A Man Who Believed in Mankind
-
- July 11, 1983
-
- R. Buckminster Fuller: 1895-1983
-
- He was an American Original, a cranky genius and an ingenious crank.
- He liked to call himself "an engineer, inventor, mathematician,
- architect, cartographer, philosopher, poet, cosmologist, comprehensive
- designer and choreographer." He was also a mystical optimist who
- believed in the survival of mankind against whatever odds.
-
- Through technology, R. (for Richard) Buckminster Fuller would say,
- "man can do anything he needs to do." He urged young people to
- "reform the environment instead of trying to reform man." He argued,
- in the face of the Malthusian theory of human overpopulation and
- ultimate self-destruction, that "the entire population of the earth
- could live compactly on a properly designed Haiti and comfortably on
- the British Isles." He once declared that "man has the capability
- through proper planning and use of natural resources to forever feed
- himself and house himself and live in workless leisure." He dreamed
- of mile-high floating cities and of a Manhattan enshrouded in a
- gargantuan plastic dome. But he was more than just a dreamer. When
- he died of a heart attack last week at 87, while visiting his wife at
- a Los Angeles hospital, "Bucky" Fuller left behind him, in the real
- world, thousands of geodesic domes that are used as theaters,
- auditoriums and defense facilities as well as dwelling places.
-
- The descendant of a distinguished New England family, Fuller was the
- fifth generation of his family to go to Harvard. He was expelled in
- 1914 for blowing his tuition and expense money on a spree for the
- members of a Broadway chorus line. He worked in a Canadian machinery
- factory, was invited back to Harvard, was expelled for a second time,
- served in the Navy during World War I and went on to study science at
- the Naval Academy in Annapolis. During the 1920s he spent five years
- in an alcoholic depression following the death of a four-year-old
- daughter. One night in 1927, while standing on the shore of Lake
- Michigan, he found himself redeemed from his thoughts of self-
- destruction by a private vision. He told himself, "You do not have
- the right to eliminate yourself. You belong to the universe." Years
- later he explained, "I made a bargain with myself that I'd discover
- the principles operative in the universe and turn them over to my
- fellow men."
-
- Then began his years of high creativity. He designed the Dymaxion
- House, and easily transported structure with roofs hung from a central
- mast and with outer walls of glass. He sought to give the design to
- the American Institute of Architects, which haughtily rejected all
- such "peas-in-the-pod-like reproducible designs." Years later the
- institute gave Fuller, who never formally studies architecture, a
- gold medal for his contributions to the field. In the early 1930s he
- produced the three-wheeled Dymaxion automobile, which attained 120-
- m.p.h. speeds using a standard 90-m.h.p. engine. The car was never
- manufactured commercially. After that, he invented the Dymaxion map,
- the first to show continents on a flat surface without distortion.
-
- In 1947, Fuller patented the geodesic dome, which used pyramid-shaped
- tetrahedrons to attain great strength without internal supports and to
- cover more space with less material than any other building ever
- designed. The first commercial sale was to the Ford Motor Co. Other
- geodesic domes housed DEW-line stations in the Arctic, a concert
- auditorium in Honolulu and the U.S. Pavilion at Expo '67 in Montreal.
-
- Most of Fuller's inventions, though influential, did not make him
- money. But his tireless preaching in favor of "synergetic" methods of
- seeking solutions to mankind's problems brought him a wide following.
- During the last two decades of his life he became a favorite of the
- hippies of the 1960s, the environmentalists of the 1970s and all who
- chose to believe with him that "we're at the point where humanity has
- the option to make it."